Up to 80 percent of women are unhappy with how they see their naked reflection in the mirror. Even those who train at the gym cannot alter where their body will store fat. Doing hundreds of sit-ups every day will not spot reduce fat from around the belly. We are all born different shapes and sizes and it is our genetic make up which determines where our body will store fat. There are several typical body shapes applicable to women such as apple and pear. Apples typically store body fat around their waist and bust; pears typically store fat around their buttocks, hips and thighs. Through natural controls such as diet and exercise, we are unable to sculpture our bodies to remove a little from here and add a little there.
A cosmetic surgery procedure called autologous fat transplantation allows body fat to be removed from one area of the body and used to supplement another. So unwanted fat from the belly or thighs could be used to enlarge the breasts for example. This sounds amazing, body sculpturing now appears to be possible! The concept of transplanting fat is not new. In fact, the early attempts at breast augmentation in the early 1900s used fat injections to augment breast size. However, the effects were not particularly long lasting as the injected fat became absorbed back into the body. The result was lumpy breasts and infections and swellings were also common.
The use of autologous fat transplantation in breast augmentation cosmetic surgery has evolved over the last few years. More recently, the technology to isolate adipose derived stem cells from fat during surgery has been refined. So fat can be removed from one area of the body through liposuction, the stem cells can be isolated quickly and then re-injected into the patient's breast tissue to enlarge the breasts.
There are several advantages of autologous fat transplantation over synthetic breasts implants. Firstly, fat transplantation can prove to be very cost effective, particularly when it is combined with another surgical procedure, typically liposuction. There is minimal scarring as the fat is injected into the breast tissue rather than a surgical incision being needed in order to insert synthetic implants. Also, because the fat is taken from the patient's own body, there is no chance of an allergic reaction or complications such as capsular contracture as with silicone or saline breast implants.
However, one of the main disadvantages with fat transplantation breast enhancement is the longevity of the results. The factors governing this include the expertise of the surgeon, the patient's genetics, how well a blood supply establishes around the injected fat tissue and the patient's lifestyle choices. Patients who smoke are at a higher risk of excessive resorption where the fat is absorbed back into the body tissue at an early stage. Due to the non-permanent nature of fat transplantation, patients usually require a repeat treatment after 6 months. However, the fat harvested initially during liposuction can be frozen for reuse in later treatments. Additionally, only a local anaesthetic is typically needed in order to re-inject the fat into the breast tissue. Since the procedure is less invasive, the recovery time for patients is much quicker than with silicone or saline breast implant surgery.
Another issue to consider is that of size. Depending upon the level of increase required in breast size, then silicone or saline breast implants may be necessary as fat transfer can only provide a limited increase in breast size.
Detection of breast cancer with mammograms is more difficult after injected fat has been used to augment the breasts. This is a major concern for women considering the treatment and a risk for those who have had it.
Autologous fat transplantation is now becoming more popular in both Europe and the U.S. In addition to breast enlargement, it is used for other cosmetic surgery procedures, in particular the plumping up of facial features, cheeks and chin and is a popular alternative to other wrinkle treatments. It is used to correct aging of the hands and also to correct post-traumatic and post-surgical defects in many areas of the body.
No doubt our capabilities within fat transfer cosmetic surgery will advance to increase its longevity. It is also likely that solutions to its other limitations will be found in the near future. This really does look a promising and exciting thread of advancement within modern cosmetic surgery.
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