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The prescription drugs and Over-The-Counter drugs are effective in treatment of various kinds of diseases, disorders, reduce pain etc. But besides being used for medical purposes, these drugs have also got strong tendency to result in addiction. Many doctors even avoid prescribing medications that have potential to cause addiction among patients. The terms drug addiction and drug dependence are often mistaken to have same meaning. In initial stages, it is difficult to differentiate between addiction and dependence.
Drug Addiction
In drug addiction, the person becomes physically and psychologically dependant on drugs to such an extent that in spite of knowing about its negative consequences, the internal desire of person to consume drugs dominates over the feeling to restrain. The person can go to any extent to procure the drugs. The person can become addicted after repeated use of drugs with increased dosage each time to get same effect. Addiction can not be reduced by decreasing the amount of drug dosage gradually. Although the addicted person can get rid of physical dependency on drugs, it is difficult for him to detach from psychological dependence. When the drug usage is suddenly stopped, the addicted person can not withstand the discomfort and agony due to withdrawal symptoms. Drug addiction has several negative effects on social, economical, and professional life.
Drug Dependence
In drug dependence, the person becomes dependent upon the drugs to attain normal bodily function. A patient taking pain medications can become dependent on that drug. But the patient can become normal after controlled and prescribed use of medications. Suddenly stopping the drug intake produces withdrawal symptoms which indicate dependence on drugs. The withdrawal symptoms may include physiological symptoms like muscle cramps, tremors, seizures etc. The withdrawal symptoms may also include psychological symptoms like anxiety, depression, inability to concentrate etc. It is not always necessary that a patient who is dependent on drugs will become addicted. The patient can get rid of dependence after gradually reducing dosage of medications. Many drugs like certain steroids, SSRI class anti-depressant medications, some anti-histamines have shown tendency to cause physical/psychological dependence. But there is not desire of addiction observed among patients who use these drugs.
Managing Drug Addiction and Drug Dependence
There are various effective techniques, behavioral approaches, and medications that can be used to tackle drug addiction and drug dependence. The drug addicted person can be enrolled in various outpatient Drug-Free Programs which provide group, individual, and family counseling. Those addicted to opioids should be send to Opioid Agonist Programs. Addicted persons can also be enrolled in Inpatient Rehabilitation programs which last from few days to few weeks. Therapeutic communities are long term residential programs for those addicted persons who do not get benefited from other treatments.
Those patients who are physically dependent on medications will find it less troublesome while quitting the use of medications. But, such patients should not suddenly cease intake of medication voluntarily but should consult doctor before taking such step.
Thus, physical dependence on a substance can occur without having addiction, while a person can get addicted to drugs without going through physical dependence. Likewise, psychological dependence can occur without the person getting addicted but it can not be said that a person can get addicted without getting psychologically dependent.
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